Diabetes

What is diabetes?

It's a disease in which "too much sugar" is in the blood. This happens when the hormone "insulin" is not working correctly. Then the body can't use foods normally.

What happens in the body?

Almost everything we eat turns to sugar in our body. This gives us energy. First the sugar enters the blood. Then it is carried to all of the cells in our body.

We need insulin to move the sugar out of the blood and into the cells. If there is not enough insulin working, the sugar will stay in the blood and the cells will "starve." This happens when diabetes is not treated.

What are the symptoms?

Sometimes there are no symptoms.

But when there are, they usually include:

• extreme thirst
• frequent urination
• increased hunger, yet losing weight.
• tiredness and weakness
• nausea and vomiting
• blurred vision
• slow healing of cuts and scratches
• frequent skin, gum, or bladder infections
• numbness in hands or feet

What are the complications?

If your blood sugar stays too high most of the time, it can damage your blood vessels and nerves. This can cause serious problems (complications), such as:

• high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke
• eye disease, blindness
• kidney disease
• foot problems, foot and leg amputations

What can I eat?

You can probably eat most of the foods you like, with just a few changes. A dietitian can help you plan healthy meals that taste good. Here are some tips:

• Avoid high-sugar foods. Switch to sugar-free foods and drinks, and use sugar substitutes.
• Avoid greasy and fried foods.
• Avoid or limit alcohol.
• Eat a variety of foods from all food groups:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • meats and fish
  • bread and grains
  • milk and other dairy products
• Limit the amount of food you eat. Eat only the amount allowed on your meal plan.

How can I take care of my diabetes?

1. Eat right. The most important thing you can do is eat the right foods. Follow a well balanced meal plan. And, if you are overweight, limit your calories.
2. Be active. Talk with your doctor about a regular exercise program. Walking and stretching are good activities. They'll help you feel well.
3. Know your blood sugar. Measure your blood sugar level regularly. Do a finger-stick blood test and keep a record. It's easy. Ask your doctor more about this.
4. Follow your doctor's orders. Your doctor may have you take medicine, such as diabetes pills or insulin shots. Always take it as prescribed.
5. Do not smoke. If you smoke, quit. Quitting can help your diabetes.

Will my diabetes go away?

No, but it can be treated. Diabetes can be controlled and you can lead a very healthy life.

For more information about diabetes, contact a certified diabetes educator at 607-937-7430 or 607-937-7260.

Health Education Index